epistemological/linguistic question
When someone says something you didn't hear or you weren't sure you heard correctly, and you say "sorry?" or "excuse me?" to get them to repeat or clarify, would you say you are in fact apologizing at that point, or are those words filling some other social or technical purpose?
Also, is there another similarly polite way to tell someone you couldn't hear them that is not an apology?
I suppose "could you repeat that?" comes to mind, but I'd welcome other ideas.
Also, is there another similarly polite way to tell someone you couldn't hear them that is not an apology?
I suppose "could you repeat that?" comes to mind, but I'd welcome other ideas.

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"Huh?"
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"Pardon me?" comes to mind as a replacement, but I guess that also means, "Pardon me for not hearing you properly. Could you repeat yourself," but because it sounds more English, it therefore sounds more condescending.
Hrm.
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I usually go for "What was that?" I guess the thing is, anytime you DON'T put the "apology" bit in there, it kinda sounds brusque or rude.
The question it raises to me is "While historically, it might have meant "I'm sorry for not listening closer, what did you say?" I wonder if it still carries that meaning NOW, or if it's just come to be a place holder.... Hmmmm...
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In French, it is polite to say: "Comment?" Literally "how," but more like "what" in this context.
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Sometimes what you think you heard is more fun than what was really said.
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There are degrees of apology. This could be considered a very small apology for a very small offense, that of distracted attention. So small, in fact, that we may wonder if it's an offense at all; and so small an apology that if the blame really lies on the speaker for mumbling, we figure we may as well not quibble.
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With my wife, close friends and some co-workers, I say, "I heard you say {insert perception}. What?"
With most anyone else, I say, "I'm sorry, what I heard you say was {insert perception} and I'm confused. Could you repeat it, please?"
Exact phrasing may vary - the important tone difference is that, in the second, I am claiming responsibility for my failure to accurately hear them. I always attempt to give whoever what I heard, so they can have a hint as to what the mis-communication is.
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Or sometimes I'll repeat what I thought I heard: "You want me to do *what* with an artichoke?" Indeed, often what I mishear is more amusing than what I misheard.
And it bugs me that often people say "why are you apologizing" when I use the social constructs of "I'm sorry" that *don't* mean "I'm sorry, I did something bad." Like, when someone says their mother died, and I say "Oh, I'm very sorry (to hear)..." or in this case, "I'm sorry (I didn't quite catch what you said)".
Thanks for an interesting discussion. :)